Tag Archives: Jerusalem

Posting Under Pressure

I’m working on a post of my interview with Henry and Kamila Markram when I was in Jerusalem attending the ICare4Autism Conference.  Henry and Kamila Markram are the neuroscientist team who created The Intense World Theory For Autism.  I am trying to finish that for tomorrow’s post.  However, Em is up right now and insisting I made cake with her and that takes precedence over this post getting written.   Besides she has a timer which she’s just set for fifteen minutes.  She started with three minutes, but I’ve negotiated for the fifteen, so I’ve got just enough time to post these photos…

Say hello to Walter.  Yup, he’s one of three bucks who lives next to the barn.  And yes, my cousins named him…  Walter, after my grandfather.  Yeah, I know.  It is a specific sense of humor.  And yes it appears it is genetic.

The teepee that has been on the property since the 70’s or maybe even the 60’s, I can’t remember.  I just know it’s been here almost as long as I have been on this earth.

The dogs – Folgen & Gaia – who love nothing more than to have their frisbee thrown to them.  Emma likes it when I throw their frisbee too.  They just don’t like giving it back to me so that I can throw it again.  Which leads to lots of yelling, “Drop it!  Drop the frisbee!”  And then they do this…

And when they’ve had enough running after the frisbee they take it far away and guard it.  Like this.

We have been playing some massive games of Duck, duck, goose and even Granma has started to run when picked.  My brother and sister-in-law are here so  the game has become a nightly event with lots of laughter and shouting, “Hurry, hurry, SIT, SIT!”

Emma waits to be chosen…

Nic has mastered the art of driving the 4-Wheeler and now takes Em around the ranch.

Em takes the Alien swimming

Whew!  That’s it, I’ve got 42 seconds to hit the “Publish” button!

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ICare4Autism – An Opportunity to Make a Difference

I attended the ICare4Autism conference in Jerusalem last week.  I wrote about this not long ago in the post Synchronicity, Jerusalem and Autism. As a quick recap Jerusalem was the place Richard and I had intended to go for our honeymoon.  Not six weeks before we were due to leave, the intifada broke out, forcing us to abandon our plans. That was thirteen years ago.  This past May I received a letter from the “State of Israel” inviting me to be their guest.

In addition Dr. Henry and Dr. Kamila Markram were presenting at the conference.  They are the neuroscientist team who came up with The Intense World Theory For Autism, the only theory to date that has validated my observations of my ten-year old daughter, Emma.  When I read they were going to be in Jerusalem this past winter I joked with Richard about how amazing it would be to meet them AND go to Jerusalem.  At the time we just laughed at the insanity of the idea and went on with our lives.  Then the invitation arrived.  I knew it meant I would need to write about the conference.  Writing about the conference was why I’d been invited.

Except I do not consider myself a “journalist.”  I am not an impartial, unbiased observer, prepared to provide an even-handed summation of my observations.  I am highly opinionated and exceptionally biased in my ever evolving perspective on autism.  I regard the motivations of most so-called autism advocacy organizations with suspicion and even outrage.  I am frequently hostile in my view of the self-appointed Autism experts, medical charlatans and other “professionals” who make a living off desperate parents, like myself.  If I had all the money I’ve spent on the various “cures,” biomedical interventions and dubious therapies we have employed over these past eight years, I wouldn’t have cared about an invitation providing me with airfare and hotel accommodations.

In less than a year, my perspective has radically changed.  Had I attended this conference last August my focus would have been on meeting as many researchers and doctors as time would allow.  I would have spent each break roaming through the many tables set up outside the conference rooms selling all manner of goods purported to help a child with Autism (and yes, that is how I would have described my daughter – a child with Autism) hoping for something that would cure my daughter with the same longing and desperation that had dragged me from one “specialist” to the next for all those years, not so very long ago.

But that was before.

That was before we began implementing Emma’s literacy program.  That was before Emma showed signs that something we tried could and would work.  That was before I read Henry and Kamila Markram’s Intense World Theory.  That was before I began reading the blogs of Autistic adults and as a result began communicating with a number of them (see yesterday’s post).   Suddenly, and it really was relatively quick,  I began to view my daughter through the eyes of someone seeking to understand rather than fix.  I began to see her actions, whether it was stimming or echolalia or self-injurious behavior – as her attempts to communicate rather than aberrant behaviors that needed to be quelled and eliminated.

Was ICare4Autism going to be different than any of the other organizations out there promoting interventions, therapies and the ever illusive and questionable promise of a cure?  The information I compiled prior to the conference did not look promising.  But, I kept reassuring myself, the Markrams would be there and if nothing else, I had set up an interview to speak with them.  Beyond that there seemed little to distinguish them from any of the other organizations using “autism” in their name.  Still I went to the opening dinner with an upbeat, hopeful attitude, eager for a better idea of the organizations intentions.  When the opening video played I consoled myself that at least the distraught parents filmed were not openly weeping and talking about their distress in front of their children.  By the way, just in case anyone misunderstands me, less than two years ago I could have been one of those sobbing parents and I would have wept in front of my daughter and spoken of her with the mistaken assumption that she couldn’t understand.  It would not have occurred to me that hearing her mother speak of a desire to cure her might have made her feel horrible, sad and depressed, things she wouldn’t be able to communicate to me, which would only further her sadness and feelings of isolation.  I get it.  Really I do.

The conference began with a Welcoming Ceremony with a speech from the founder and CEO, Joshua Weinstein, who called for communication and collaboration.  He spoke of plans to move their headquarters to Jerusalem, a city with a long history of misunderstanding and strife, making his call for communication and collaboration all the more significant. The Mayor of Jerusalem, Nir Barkat spoke of his pride in hosting the ICare4Autism conference and eagerness in it becoming a world center for Autism research.  Dr. Shekhar Saxena, director of Mental Health and Substance Abuse at the World Health Organization spoke briefly as did a number of others.  And then the Autistic Boys Choir got on the stage.  Seven teenagers began to sing, their voices rang loud and clear, their pitch was perfect, their enthusiasm and joy infectious and the audience began to weep.  I was right there with them, madly rummaging around for my kleenex, trying not to let out too much noise other than the odd sniffle.   I wept from sheer gratitude, because these teenage boys/men were like my daughter.  One young man in particular who clearly reveled in performing reminded me of Emma.  So yes, I wept from relief, from joy, from seeing Autism shown not as a tragedy, but as difference and of hope for what can only be described as the possibilities, not just for our children, but for us as a society when we hand the microphone over to those we say we care about and want to help – Autistics.

Over the course of the next day and a half I tried to meet with Joshua Weinstein, but for a variety of reasons, wasn’t able to.  Then finally in the afternoon of the last day of the conference, I saw Joshua Weinstein and mustered up the courage to approach him.  I spoke to him about why the Autism = Tragedy model needed to be discarded, that while it may get people to write checks it was an unbalanced view, completely disregarding the feelings of Autistics (our children) who are being sent the message that they make their parents and families desperately unhappy, the very people who are supposedly trying to help them.  Josh was not only kind and receptive, but later thanked me for coming over to him.   He assured me that he really was interested in communicating with Autistics and would take me up on my offer to introduce him to a number of people I know, both verbal and nonverbal, and am in contact with.

Josh invited me to be on the advisory board, which I’ve agreed to.  He is working with a number of people at the UN, as well as WHO (World Health Organization) and asked that I attend the UN meeting.  He has, since we spoke at the conference called and we are in email contact demonstrating his sincere desire to follow through with his promises and words.  Am I surprised?  Yes.  I am.  But more than that I am hopeful.  Hopeful that ICare4Autism will actually include the very people they say they care about by putting them on their advisory board and by listening to them as they develop and attempt to fulfill their mission in becoming a world-wide Autism organization that does more than pay lip service to those who are Autistic.

“Caring about autism – what we know of it and how we put it in our narratives – is something from which all manner of people can and must benefit.”  Representing Autism Culture, Narrative, Fascination by Stuart Murray

Autistic Boys Choir

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The Aftermath

Richard and I returned from Jerusalem and the icare4autism conference Friday evening.  It was so good to see Emma again after being away for an entire week. The three of us spent the weekend in NYC and then flew to Colorado where we were reunited with Nic (whom I haven’t seen in a month) looked after by my doting and wonderful mother.  I have at least three hours of recordings from the conference to transcribe.  I must write about the conference in greater detail, I have a great deal of work to do for my business, the one that actually brings in money, and I want and need to spend time with my family.  I’m tired.  That’s what I keep thinking.  But there’s more to it than that and I haven’t figured out yet what that exactly means.  There’s panic.  How am I going to get everything done?  But there’s something else, something I haven’t put my finger on yet.

It’s 4 AM (I’ve been up since 3) but you could tell me it was 1 in the afternoon and I’m so turned around I’d just nod my head.  So rather than say any more I’ll end with this – a little scene from last night.

Em:  Play duck, duck, goose?

Me:  Yeah, okay.

Em:  With you (points to me) and me (points to herself) and Nicky and Daddy and Granma?

My mother: What’s duck, duck, goose?

Nic:  You’ll see.

Everyone sits at the dining room table as Emma stands waiting. 

Em:  (Going around the table, while placing her hand on each person’s head)  Snow.  Snow.  Snow.  Snow.

My mother:  Should I do something?

Nic:  No Granma.  You have to wait.  She’ll say something different.

Em:  (Grinning, pats Granma on the head)  Raining!

Richard:  Oh no!  Emmy you have to pick someone else, Granma can’t run.

My mother:  (Looking horrified) I’m suppose to run?

Me:  (Laughing)  Yes, you’re suppose to run after her.

Em: (With mischievous grin)  Granma run?

Richard:  No, Emmy pick someone else, Granma can’t run.

Em: (Continues to go around the table) Snow. Snow.  (Puts hand on Richard’s head and hesitates.  Then shouts)  Raining!

This game continued for several rounds with Emma occasionally directing when things weren’t going as she felt they should.

Em:  Okay.  Last time for duck, duck, goose.  

When she’d finished going around the table, picked someone and after lots of screaming and laughing my mother said, “That was a great game!”

Em:  Play again?  (Looks around the table grinning)  Okay, okay, later.  Play duck, duck, goose later.  Tomorrow.

It’s good to be home.

Em on the High Line Sunday

The icare4autism Conference in Jerusalem

The icare4autism conference ended this afternoon.  It was a whirlwind of activity spanning 48 hours of discussions and presentations led by scientists, therapists, neuroscientists, policy makers, parents and advocates.  Stephen Shore, who is Autistic, gave the single most entertaining presentation, entitled:  Employment Opportunities for People with Autism: Observations on Promoting Success.

On the first day I interviewed Henry and Kamila Markram, the neuroscientists who came up with the Intense World Theory of Autism, the only theory I’ve read and heard that makes any sense and which validates my own observations of my daughter, Emma.  Yesterday I spoke with Joshua Weinstein, the CEO and President of icare4autism.  He seemed genuinely interested in hearing from people.  He actively sought out suggestions, made himself available to anyone who approached him.  He seemed sincere in his desire to bring scientists, therapists, parents, researchers, educators and advocates  together.

The organization’s weakest point is in having Autistics on their advisory committee.  According to the sheet I received there aren’t any, and only one Autistic person, Stephen Shore, was at the conference presenting.  Perhaps after today’s conversation that will change.  I hope so.  I would like nothing more than to write glowingly about an organization that carries the word “autism” in it’s name.  I spoke out whenever it seemed even remotely appropriate.  But by the end of the conference I had made my – Autistics must be included in this organization -speech more than a dozen times.  Only once was I met with any argument and interestingly enough, that one time was from a parent of a “severely autistic child” as she described him, who was furious with me for suggesting we needed to move beyond the autism = tragedy model.

There is tremendous misunderstanding surrounding labels and the designations of low, high, severe and mild.  It was clear that people do not understand why these labels are unhelpful and the terms were thrown around a great deal during a number of the presentations I attended.  Another huge misperception surrounds intelligence or “lack” of in Autism.  I was astonished to hear the words “mental retardation” used in connection with autism during a couple of the comments from the audience.  I hadn’t realized that was still thought, by many, to be synonymous with autism.

The really good news is, I heard questions surrounding the “ethics” of various treatments and interventions for Autism and I was relieved to hear a number of people talk about the abuse, mistreatment and need for greater advocacy among the Autistic population.  Of course the best advocates are Autistics themselves and so I hope icare4autism will heed some of my suggestions.  I was not the only one making these suggestions, by the way.  There were a number of people, including Stephen Shore who was wonderfully articulate in his opinions and ideas, who brought up the need for Autistics to represent themselves and the importance of Autistics to be involved in all levels of any organization that carries the word autism in its title.

Finally, I miss Emma terribly and cannot WAIT to see her this afternoon.

Em in the playground

To The Mayor Of Jerusalem Regarding Autism

The Mayor of Jerusalem made some remarks during the opening of the icare4autism conference yesterday morning.  The organization intends to have a home in Jerusalem and while they seem to be doing a great many wonderful things, there are a few things that are not so wonderful.  The following is a letter I wrote and sent to the Mayor’s spokesperson yesterday.

“Dear Mr. Mayor,

I am a writer and a mother of an Autistic child.  I am writing a piece I intend to submit to the Huffington Post about the Icare4Autism conference and Jerusalem’s involvement.  

I am in regular contact with a number of adult Autistics, both verbal and nonverbal, who are deeply concerned with the amount of press (almost all negative) that autism receives.  The autism = tragedy model is one they vehemently object to as well as the fact that they are rarely included or invited to be on the boards, advisory committees or consulted when organizations are formed or policy is made about them.  I am hoping both you and Icare4Autism will consider their concerns and am interested to know what you are planning for the future in this regard.  
 
Will you consider including autistic people as advisors, at the very least, who can help in creating better awareness and understanding not just in Jerusalem, but in the world?  You, Jerusalem, Israel and your association with icare4autism have the unique opportunity to do something none have done to date –  work with and help develop an organization that changes the public perception of autism by including Autistic people.  But this will require more than just one or two token Autistics, it will mean truly giving Autistics the opportunity to be a part of the development of policy and organizations meant to help them.  Autism is not a tragedy, however public perception of it is.  
 
Autism is a neurological difference from that of a neuromajority.  Suggesting cures, promoting imagery that is depressing with melancholy music, showing Autistics as burdens who are broken is something that in the US is sadly the norm.  The single largest Autism organization in the US is Autism Speaks, an organization that is abhorred by a massive number of Autistics.  The prevailing perception of autism as tragic and a devastating crisis creates more misunderstanding, panic and fear.  To be Autistic, to feel that your very existence is in jeopardy because of organizations intent on “cures” only increases that fear.  None of us make good decisions or behave well when fearful.  
 
I hope that you will consider the Autistic adults who are speaking out, who are asking to be heard, respected and given a say in organizations which use the word “autism” as part of their identity.  
 
I would love to include a quote from you on any of this.  
Thank you so much.  
All my best to you and your vision for Jerusalem and autism,
Ariane”

I am going to meet with the head of the icare4autism organization this morning and will speak with him about these concerns as well.  Keep your fingers crossed and wish me luck!

The photograph below is of the Autistic Boys Choir.  They performed yesterday at the opening.  People were openly weeping.  The performance was terrific, their voices exquisite, the joy infectious and a wonderful example of what “Autism looks like.”

 The moon over the Old City last night

Letters, Photos, Autism And Jerusalem

I have been meaning to quote from a letter I received last week from Peyton Goddard and another from her mother, Dianne Goddard.  Peyton and Dianne Goddard wrote a book, I am intelligent, which I posted a couple of weeks ago, since then I am honored to be in communication with both of them.  Click ‘here‘ to read that post again.  I asked them for permission to quote from their letters here.  They have agreed.

This is part of an email Peyton wrote me, responding to the post I wrote about her book and labels.

“Pleasured I am pointed to hearing your understanding that lasted, large, limiting, linear labels are hulking jungles greeted by limitations. Keeping one limited is to measure there wastes of their great gifts.  One’s tears taste lime. Understares, terror builds. One washes their tears by return try freed to their Creator, as rest there they hunger. Polling my limits I kettled boiling red, as heard I’m trapped. There I wasted my lived times in pity. Limiting labels murder poignancy of sweet journey. I watered my liking to keep open living by questing for others better lives poignantly sweetened by encouraging swiping labels away. Wastes caging pertinent persons must stop. A trepid heart needs verses assuring “I’m deared by this very looking world. I can be me. My heart need caw no longer.” There joy is heard. These awesome pertinent persons can be freed to limitless. It greeted I hurrah…”

And this is part of an email from Peyton’s mother, Dianne –  

I spent much of Peyton’s first twenty years deliberating and comparing the severity of differences in persons labeled with disabilities that I met or read about. In the early years, this private, internal discussion between me, myself and I, offered some relief to my worries over Peyton’s delays and differences, as her challenges did not seem insurmountable if I therapied her enough. And professionals agreed. In the days before Internet could bring me many children to compare her levels of functionings and measured progress to, I found I could usually comfort my fearful self with observations that the few children we met with disabilities seemed to have much greater challenges than hers. A case in point was (removed the name for privacy’s sake) who was several years younger than Peyton. When talkative W. was three and not walking, he was tested. Duchene’s muscular dystrophy was diagnosed.  Debilitating muscles until death in his early twenties was the best case scenario. Pity him I did. And compare I did. While Peyton would be continuing to improve, he would be suffering a slow and sure death.

Not so. Peyton lost functioning and filled with a suffocating sadness she could not begin to shake for well over a decade. Yet W. lived happy. At his celebration of life five years ago I reflected on my foolish attempts to comfort myself by comparing the severity of challenges, and how thankful I am for new understandings of acceptance and valuing Peyton for ALL she is. Above all, I am comforted knowing she can really feel my love finally.”

The Icare4Autism Conference begins tomorrow.  More on that later.  To end, a few more photographs from our adventures in Jerusalem.

The Dome of the Rock  

Fragment of an Ancient Column in the Courtyard of The Dome of the Rock

Old Tombs in Valley of Jehoshaphat

Outside Zion’s Gate in the Old City

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Jerusalem in Photographs

Richard’s “I falafel”  joke struck back.  He spent the day sick in bed while I spent the day seeing all of this.

A day in photos…

Entrance to Church of All Nations

Mount of Olives (A massive cemetary)  As I climbed the narrow street along the cemetary, a man with a donkey appeared.

Tree of Thorns outside the Dominus Flevit Chapel

Dominus Flevit Chapel (“The Lord Wept”)  The dome designed in the shape of a tear drop as Christ was said to have sat nearby and wept over the fate of Jerusalem.  David, the nice gentleman who allowed me to come into the Chapel, despite the fact they were closed to tourists said, “You may sit here out of the hot sun while I feed my dogs.  If you like you may say a prayer.  Just don’t cry.”  To which I said, “Thank you so much.  I’ll sit right here,” I pointed to a little wooden chair.  “But I’ll save my tears for that scary looking tree you pointed out earlier.”  He laughed and left me to care for his dogs.

Archaeological Site in Front of St. Anne’s Church  Just to the right are stairs descending to the Pool of Bethesda where Christ is said to have carried a paralyzed man and cured him.

Kitty – A great many cats running wild in Jerusalem.  Most are pretty mangy looking, but this one was particularly cute.

A Side Street off Via Dolorosa – Notice the red neon tattoo sign.  A perfect example of the meeting of ancient and modern

YMCA (Pronounced “imca”) Built in 1926- 1933 by the same man who created the Empire State Building, Arthur Loomis Harmon, Jerusalem’s YMCA is a wonderful example of embracing differences, working together to create something larger than any one group, religion or people.  The auditorium beneath the dome has lighting fixtures each illuminating a different image – the star of David, the cross and a crescent.

Jerusalem and Beyond

Day 1

The Citadel in the Old City of Jerusalem looking toward the Tower of David.  We kept saying to each other, “I wonder where all the people are.”  It turns out it was Shabbat and Ramadan, though that didn’t entirely answer our question.

View of The Dome of the Rock

During our explorations, we found ourselves in the Old City Market along with hundreds of Muslims, Christians, Jews and tourists speaking German, French, Italian, Spanish, Russian, English and those were only the languages I could identify.  It turns out we were on the Via Dolorosa, the path Christ is said to have taken to his crucifixion.

Mountains of Spice,

Fresh Fruits,

Baklava,

and yes, even bras, but look how colorful they are and so beautifully arranged.

We went to the Church Of the Holy Sepulchre & The Chapel of St. Helena where we descended this…

leading to a massive cistern.  A tour guide was telling her group that the water was potable, though I remained dubious, having had too many run-ins with Giardia to last me a lifetime.

On we ventured to so many sites I’d have to pull out the guide-book to recite them all.  We sat at the entrance or was it the exit of Damascus Gate and reviewed where we were and what we still wanted to see.  We plunged back down into the depths of the market place, emerging out into the sunlight to visit the wailing wall, where I placed my hands against the giant stone slabs amidst tiny notes stuffed into its crevices, women on either side of me rocked, prayed, muttered, moaned and wept.  It was impossible not to feel the power of humility in this ancient, beautiful and complex place.

We ended the day by sitting at an outdoor café and eating falafel.

I turned to Richard as we waited for our food to arrive and said, “I’m hungry.  Do you realize we haven’t eaten anything today?”

To which he replied, “I falafel” (feel awful) before slapping his knee and doubling over in laughter at his own cleverness.

Oy.

Day 2

We spent the morning at the Holocaust Museum.  Words do not describe..  it is a powerful and painful reminder of what humans are capable of.

We drove to Masada where we roamed a fortress built on a barren mountaintop in a part of the world that gets barely one inch of rainfall throughout an entire year, during the 1st, possibly 2nd Century and further added to by Herod intent on making it into his “summer palace” complete with cisterns, hot baths, beautifully decorated walls where one can still see the frescoes, mosaic floors all  overlooking this expanse of arid land with the Dead Sea and Jordan just beyond.

and this wall…

On the way back to Jerusalem we drove to the Dead Sea where we swam or rather floated because of the heaviness of the salt water.

Salt encrusted rocks on the shore of the Dead Sea

Meanwhile, Jackie has sent me a daily update of Emma’s adventures while we are away.   Emma saying – “Cheese”

Synchronicity, Jerusalem and Autism

I am leaving for Jerusalem tomorrow.  I will be covering the Icare4Autism Conference and am meeting Kamila and Henry Markram, the neuroscientists and creators of The Intense World Theory for Autism.  I intend to continue to post as usual, Monday through Friday, but because of the time change and depending on my level of jet lag, my posting times may be a bit wonky.

I am very nervous about this trip.  Not because of the traveling, but because we will be away from Emma for a full week, which marks the longest we’ve spent away from her since she was born ten and a half years ago.  I have gone over our itinerary with her.  I have spoken to her about how many days before we return, we have studied the calendar together.  We have discussed what she will do while we are gone.  But still, I am nervous.  Whooooo.  Breathe.

Today I pack while trying to remember to breathe.  Emma will be fine.  She will be okay.  Breathe.  Try not to panic.

I’ve never been to Jerusalem and am excited that Richard will be accompanying me.  This was where we had intended to go for our honeymoon, (with our then nine month old son, Nic in tow, making it less a honeymoon and more an insanely, ambitious trip with a baby)  had made our reservations to spend Christmas Day and the following week at the King David Hotel, then had planned to spend New Years Eve in Giza at a hotel overlooking the pyramids, a week in Cairo, then a side jaunt to Lebanon and Petra before returning to Jerusalem.  In all we had planned to be gone for three weeks.  Two months before our wedding the intifada broke out and we were advised, because we were traveling with a baby, not to go.  We still have all the guide books with their dog-eared pages marking the places we’d hoped to see.

This time we will have just three days of sight-seeing before the conference begins.  But, as with so many things that have to do with Emma and Autism, the synchronicity of the following events is not completely lost on me.  Just over eight months ago our lives and by extension Emma’s radically changed because of the links I was finding to Autistic blogs.  I’ve shared those posts and blogs on here.  During that same period I came across the Markram’s Intense World Theory and Richard and I, through our research, learned they were going to be in Jerusalem in August presenting their work at a conference.  At the time I didn’t know it was a conference focused on Autism.  I remember Richard and I joked with each other, wouldn’t it be great to figure out a way to go to Jerusalem and meet them?  It was a joke, literally, neither of us for a moment seriously considered the idea.  And life continued.

This past spring, I was invited to be on a panel and give a talk at the AutCom Conference in Baltimore this coming October.  I accepted the invitation.  And again life continued.  Not long after that invitation, I received a letter from the “State of Israel” asking if I would like to be their guest to cover the ICare4Autism Conference in Jerusalem this August.  When I received that letter I read it to Richard and we just looked at one another.  I will never forget the expression on Richard’s face.  It was a slow motion grin that didn’t end with me saying something like, “How weird is this?”

Sometimes life throws stuff at you and you know, you just know you have to figure out a way to grab the opportunity.  So we did.  And now we’re going.  How exciting is that?

English: Old City Walls of Jerusalem - on Moun...

English: Old City Walls of Jerusalem – on Mount Zion – View towards the King David Hotel (Photo credit: Wikipedia)