Tag Archives: Henry Markram

Theories or What Does the Least Damage?

“Of all the therapies and various interventions we tried before you were able to write to us, did any help you?” I asked Emma the other day.

“No,” she wrote and then looked me in the eye and said out loud, as if I might not have understood her, “No.”

I have written about what we would have done differently had we known all that we now know ‘here‘ but still, I have to admit, I was surprised.

“But what about OT?” I asked.

“It is helpful to move,” Emma wrote.

“But did it help?” I asked.

“It’s helpful to move,” she wrote again.

And then I realized.  I was doing that thing that people so often do.  I was asking her a question, she was answering and then, because I couldn’t fully take in her answer or because I was hoping for a different answer, I was asking again.  If this were an interrogation it would be called, “leading the witness.”  Asking questions to elicit a particular response.

“Really?” I said, without thinking.  This time, Emma didn’t even bother to answer, she just looked at the timer and observed out loud, “Six more minutes and study room is allll   doooooone!”

I know for parents new to autism, these words may strike terror.  I remember early on being told about a parent who chose not to do any of the recommended therapies and being horrified.  Wasn’t doing something, even if it wasn’t helpful, better than nothing?  And then I met Henry and Kamila Markram.  They are the two neuroscientists who came up with the Intense World Theory of Autism.  It was Henry who suggested that if you could create a stress free environment for your young child, if you could shield them from surprise, create a calm, safe environment, you would do more for them than any therapy currently available.

Now for those reading this who are thinking I am saying this amounts to doing nothing, I’m not.  But there are those, like Uta Firth and Anna Remington, who insist the Markram’s recommendation, to lessen or adjust the stimuli in autistic children’s environment, is comparable to Romanian orphanages’ and go on to say, “insufficient stimulation and impoverished neuronal input in early development are damaging to children’s social, cognitive and emotional functioning3.” Except this shows a serious  misunderstanding of what the Markram’s are suggesting.  Neglect, mistreatment and being chained to a bed are not what I would call providing a safe, loving, environment free of surprises and lessening of outside stimuli.  

All children crave stimulus, but with the hyper/hypo-sensory issues that confront most if not all autistic children, Dr. Henry Markram suggests sheltering children in a comforting environment that minimizes surprises, sudden unexpected changes of plans, entering new, unfamiliar environments without any preparation, sensory assaults from loud sounds, bright lights, etc. He especially suggests avoiding confrontational behavioral therapies that demand eye contact, verbal responses, compliance and restricting movement.  What makes sense to me?  Following the child’s lead in seeking out craved stimuli. This is an aspect of Floortime that I think is a good approach.

As for other suggestions on “the right way to do it” I’d love to hear more ideas from our autistic readers. What do you think would be truly helpful?

Ideally we would have more scientific studies that show which of these various ideas are correct and that parents should do x, y and z while knowing that they were doing the right thing, the best thing, for their child, but we aren’t there yet.  So until we do know, without a doubt, one way or the other I am going to continue to look to Autistic people and my daughter to guide me.

Riding on the carousel - 2010

Riding on the carousel – 2010

 

 

Autism Graphics

In the last two days I have been sent two different graphics supposedly about autism, but that upon reading take my breath away because of their blatant inaccuracies and biases.   The last one was in the shape of a pyramid in a shade of blue I’ve come to despise with the heading, “Impairment in Imagination” and I just wanted to cry.  Impairment in imagination?

You have no idea how much I wanted to hit the delete button and scream or bite someone, which always reminds me of a scene in the British comedy, Shawn of the Dead where the main character’s mom is bitten by a zombie, but she doesn’t say anything until her son asks, “Mom, are you okay?  Did he get you?”  And the mother smiles weakly, as blood gushes from her arm and replies, “Well, he was a bit bitey.”  Hilarious.  Only what I was feeling when I read “Impairment of imagination” was not hilarious.  No.  Not at all.

Underneath that unfortunate heading was written, “Deficits in flexible thinking regarding interests, routines, perspectives and rules.”  Two key words are used in these first two sentences “Impairment” in the heading and “deficit” in the second.  The first is just incorrect and the second is a stereotype that while it may be true for some people it certainly cannot be stated as fact for ALL people.  I purposely did not say “Autistic” people because rigidity and a reluctance to see another’s point of view are things many human beings have trouble with and this is not something that can be pinned on one specific neurology.

Below this, the graphic reads, “does not understand other people’s points of view or feelings.”  Again I could list a number of non autistic people in the news who would certainly be terrific examples of this sentence.  To suggest that this is a defining characteristic of Autism is inaccurate and plays into the whole “lacking empathy myth” that so many believe as fact about Autistic people.  Please read Drs Kamila and Henry Markram’s Intense World Theory of Autism for another thought regarding autism.  And by the way, the Markram’s, both of whom are neuroscientists, call it a “theory” because they understand that it is not scientifically proven fact, but a theory they developed and continue to tweak as they learn more.  They are highly regarded, acclaimed, well published and the two people working in the field of autism whose work I believe will eventually change how autism is viewed.

The next line of text on the graphic reads, “Agitated by changes in routine.”  This line would actually be fine if it weren’t for all that precedes it.  But I would also suggest that this line could be said about all young children.  And in the end this is my criticism of the information that is being given to people about autism.  Autism as defined by a list of deficits that added up does little other than to create panic in parents of Autistic children.  I’ve written about this before ‘here‘, ‘here‘ and ‘here.’   These posts are just a few examples of things I’ve written describing what fear did to me and why terror does not motivate people to make good decisions or help them decide how they can best support and encourage their children to be all they can be.

This particular graphic goes on with headings of:  “Impairment in Social Relationships,” “Impairment in Social Communication” and at the base of the pyramid the heading says:  “Additional Difficulties” where they list, among other things, “Appears to enjoy being held/restrained…”  NO!  This is absolutely wrong.  You cannot write that someone “appears” to “enjoy” “being restrained” thereby justifying sadistic behavior done by staff/therapists/parents/ANYONE.  And again, I  want to SCREAM!  Who is writing something like this?  This is a graphic that is being used by a school for Autistic children.  It is a graphic that is stating things as though proven fact.  A graphic that parents, children, educators are seeing.

We have to ask ourselves – WHAT ARE WE DOING?  How is it okay to publish such statements as though they are fact about a neurology that the best neuroscientists in the world are baffled by?

Please.  If you are confronted with a graphic that is anything like what I’ve just described, do NOT share it.  Do NOT believe that these things are a fact, just because they are written as though they are.  Do not add to the misinformation by repeating it.  DO NOT.  It is statements like this, one page info graphics written by non autistic people, who are not neuroscientists, who seem to know very little about autism that cause tremendous damage to the Autistic population.

We must all become critical thinkers when it comes to information about autism. We know very little about the human brain.  The best and smartest neuroscientists in the world are working hard to gain a better understanding. Most of what we are being told are theories, please let’s not treat these as fact.

Emma ~ 2010

Emma ~ 2010

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What To Do When Someone Hurts

When Emma was just two years old she was diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Disorder- Not Otherwise Specified or PDD-NOS, which is the “it-may-be-autism-but-we-can’t-be-sure-maybe-she’s-just-a-bit-different-so-let’s-just-wait-and-see-what-happens-before-we-say-it’s-autism” diagnosis.  Two years later, Emma was diagnosed with autism.  But in 2004, when Emma was given her PDD-NOS diagnosis the neuroscientists, Kamila and Henry Markram, had not come up with their Intense World Theory for Autism.  The idea that Autistics have a brain that is far more sensitive to all stimuli than non autistic brains, was not something people were talking about.

Emma has since told me that she can “hear” people.  When I asked her what she meant by that, she wrote that she could sense people’s emotions and inner turmoil.  She could hear their moods.  I have been told and read similar things from other Autistic people.  This is something Barb Rentenbach also talks about in her must read, book, I might be you.  Now add to the intense sensory sensitivities that ebb and increase suddenly and without warning, lights, noise, touch, smells, tastes, feelings and you will begin to understand how overwhelming and unpredictable life can be.  Or, as Emma wrote last week, “On Monday a noise is pleasant, but on Tuesday the same noise is not pleasing to me.”

Yesterday, Emma wrote about what happens when she bites herself and the things others can do to help, as well as the things people do that make it worse and it made me think about my reactions to seeing my daughter hurt herself.  I can go through a fairly quick series of feelings.  I might feel scared, oh, no!  She’s hurting herself, this is terrible, I have to make her stop! and concern mixed with confusion, what can I do to make her stop?   But I also may feel other things too, like a desire to control the situation, annoyance and embarrassment that she is screaming in a public place, stress and overwhelm from the tears and her obvious upset, feelings of inadequacy that I should be able to help her more than I am, wondering whether I am a bad parent, believing that if I were a “good” parent, she wouldn’t do these things.  Questioning my own reactions, worrying that if I don’t force her to stop, people will harshly judge me or criticize me or believe I don’t care that she’s hurting herself.  Or maybe the situation is also stressful for me and I’m also in overwhelm.  And on it goes.  But as Emma wrote, “I know it upsets people, but it’s not about them, it’s about not being able to describe massive sensations that feel too much to tolerate.”  So if I don’t spend the time to think about and become aware of what I’m feeling as I witness her, I will react in ways that actually exacerbate her overwhelm.

I am once again reminded of my car ride with my beautiful, friend Ibby while visiting her in Chicago this past December.  I wrote about that ride ‘here.’  What Ibby did was such a perfect example of what I needed, though I did not realize I needed it and could not have asked for it, had I been asked – what do you need?  A calm, loving voice, carefully telling me what was going to happen next and why, a calm loving voice coming from someone who genuinely loves me, who I know has no agenda, was not trying to control me, whose words and concern were completely for me, with no other motivation than to truly be there for me… this was what Ibby gave me during that car ride.  Ibby did not try to take away my feelings, she didn’t try to control them, she wasn’t judging them, she was calm, patient, accepting and above all, incredibly kind and loving.  And, by the way, Ibby could not stop the noise the wind shield wipers made, it was not something that was within her control, it was snowing hard, she could not drive without them, yet even so, what she did instead made all the difference in the world.

It seems so simple, it seems so obvious, but it is actually quite rare to have someone do this for another.  So I will end this by encouraging all who want to know what they can do to help someone who is deeply distressed, examine your feelings, really look at them and make sure you understand what you are feeling before you attempt to help another, because if you’re becoming upset with someone else’s upset, anything you do will cause the other person to only become more upset.  Until I can get to a place of having “helpful thoughts of calming kindness.  Reassuring words of understanding, instead of irritation and impatience”  my response will add to the other person’s overwhelm.

*I just have to add here, this is something I find very difficult to actualize.  It is a work in progress, but it is vitally important.

Ariane & Emma ~ 2011

Ariane & Emma ~ 2011

“Why is my Mind Autistic and Yours is Not?”

Yesterday Emma wrote, “Why is my mind autistic and yours is not?”

That sentence took over two minutes for her to write.  I say this as a factual statement so that people reading this have a better understanding of the enormous effort and energy it takes for my daughter to communicate.  If it took everyone a few minutes to communicate a single sentence, perhaps we would be more thoughtful about what we said and wrote.  Two minutes.  With someone like Soma, Emma is able to write much more quickly, but I am fairly new to this (I’ve been working with Emma on an alphabet board on a daily basis since the end of September) and so with me, it takes longer.  With someone else it may take even longer still, or she may not be able to write more than a single word.   But the more salient point is, that sentence is gold, and worth every second it takes for her to point to one letter at a time to create words and then whole sentences.

Until we found this way of communicating, we were left guessing about Emma’s likes and dislikes, what interested her, what she was curious about.  And while there were a great many things we knew or believed we knew without her telling us, there was also a great deal more that we did not know or understand.  For example, I was astonished to learn last week that Emma was curious about Africa and wanted to know why so many of it’s inhabitants are poor.  Later I asked her if she’d like me to read about an African photojournalist, Echwalu, whom I love and whose blog I follow, Echwalu Photography .  She said she was interested.  We have since begun subscribing to National Geographic and I am now reading articles from the New York Times to her.

“Why is my mind autistic and yours is not?”

So I did my best to explain that no one actually knows the answer to that question.  I explained that most people believe genetics plays a role and that though I am not autistic, I do share a great many “autistic-like” traits.  I went on to explain that there is more about autism that is unknown than there is known and then our session time was up.  Emma went to listen to music while I thought more about her question, and resolved to read to her the Markram’s, Intense World Theory.  I thought about how our brains differ, but also how much they are alike.

I thought about how relatively easy it is for me to communicate and how I take most of my communication for granted.  In fact there is so much I take for granted.  I thought about how easy some things are for Emma, things that I am not able to do, like singing on key, being able to remember a melody and imitate it note for note.  Her ability to absorb knowledge without having been taught, like multiplication, division, vocabulary words, to name just a few.

This idea that Autism is a massive list of deficits needs to change.  The truth is we, non Autistics know almost nothing about Autism and what it means to be Autistic.  In fact, the human brain is constantly astonishing neuroscientists.  To say we understand or know without a doubt what any one of us is able to do is to underestimate, not just ourselves, but everyone else too.

Emma ~ 2012

Emma ~ 2012

The Intense World Theory Of Autism And An Interview With The Markrams

At the ICare4Autism Conference, held in Jerusalem August 1st & 2nd, I had the opportunity to interview the neuroscientist team Henry and Kamila Markram who created The Intense World Theory for Autism.  Henry Markram is also director of Blue Brain, and is a coordinator on The Human Brain Project.  Both were at the conference presenting.  The Intense World Theory for Autism states autism is the result of a “super charged brain.”  Feelings, visual, auditory and tactile sensations are felt so intensely they are painful.  These intense feelings, coupled with extreme pain memory causes the child to become overwhelmed and shut down, withdrawing from stimulus.

I first read The Intense World Theory in March of this past year.  I was also just beginning to find blogs written by Autistics.   My world completely changed.  It was the first time I heard anyone working in the field of autism who did not speak of it as a deficit.  I remember reading every paper they’d written, making Richard read everything I was finding as well.  We stayed up every night for weeks discussing what this might mean, how it changed our view of our daughter, how it completely upended how we worked and communicated with her.  It was as close to a spiritual awakening as I’ve ever had.  I felt as though everything I thought I knew about Emma opened up and I was introduced to a vibrant, new and hopeful world.

So it was with great excitement that I sat down with Kamila and Henry Markram after their presentation on August 1st.  I have not delineated who was speaking, other than to write my questions in bold, as the conversation was a casual one and the dialogue often overlapped.  What follows is an edited version of my interview as we spoke for close to an hour and I didn’t want to repeat much of what was covered in their terrific interview with John Scott Holman of Wrong Planet.  For a more thorough reading of The Intense World Theory of Autism read his interview ‘here‘.

In your presentation you spoke about neuroscience and how the biggest impediment to Autism is that it continues to be listed in the same category as mental retardation in the DSM.  (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)  Can you talk about that a bit more?

“Autism is not a form of mental retardation. If parents approach their child as mentally retarded, then naturally they will apply a whole program of hammering the brain. If the Intense World Theory is correct, and the brain is already hyper-reactive, then this could just accelerate autism.  We have a grant now to study this for the Swiss National Science Foundation.  We hypothesize that you need an environment that is filtered from surprise.  Surprise can be painful.  You can’t easily undo the pain.  Memories shape your life.  normally, it is difficult to undo them, but for an autistic it is much more difficult to forget.  The other problem with Autism being listed as a form of mental retardation in the DSM is that it directs the way scientists research the problem. For decades, they have just been looking for deficits. So, the biggest impediment to Autism is the way it is classified in the DSM.  This should change.”

So what do you think of ABA as a recommended therapy during early intervention?

“It can be very dangerous and irresponsible.  ABA is for mental retardation.  Evidence points to the fact that ABA could be very dangerous for autistic children.  We don’t have proof yet, we don’t have an animal model, but the risk is very high. From our analysis of it, ABA, especially in the early phases, the critical developmental stage of from birth until about 5, is very dangerous.  You cannot know the intensity in which these children see the world and they are seeing things you can’t see.  There is a hyper emotionality.   ABA at an early age is definitely a no–no.”

How do parents facilitate the transition from this early phase of a filtered environment to the real world?

“The main critical periods for the brain during which time circuits form irreversibly are in the first few years (till about the age of 5 or so). We think this is an important age period when autism can either fully express to become a severe handicap or turned to become a major advantage. We think a calm filtered environment will not send the circuits into hyper-active modes, but the brain will keep most of its potential for plasticity. At later ages, filtered environments should help calm the autistic child and give them a starting point from where they can venture out. Each autistic child probably will first needs its own bubble environment before on can start mixing bubbles. It should happen mostly on its own, but with very gentle guidance and encouragement.  Do all you would want for your child ….but in slow motion…let the child set the pace…they need that control to feel secure enough to begin to venture off into any other other bubbles.”

Given that Autism is not a psychiatric illness, that it should not be in the DSM to begin with, but rather is a difference in neurology, what do you say to psychiatrists who are coming up with theories that people then believe as though these theories were fact?

“It is very difficult.  There are lots of theories , not so many facts.  Theory of Mind is a deficit model.  I think it’s been a very distorted interpretation.  When we first came out with the Intense World Theory people were quite opposed to it.  But now people are starting to move away from the deficit model.”

Your son is Autistic?

“Yes, he is now eighteen years old, living in Israel.  The opposite of what people tell you about autism, he is so emotional, he feels so intensely.  The smallest thing happens, he is mortally wounded.  He doesn’t know how to organize himself.  He has hyper memory.”   Henry:  “I’m pretty much also autistic.  I learned all kinds of tricks,  all kinds of strategies and I was able to develop tricks.”  

It seems a great many Autistic children also have GI issues.  What do you say to that?  

“When you alter something in the brain it alters the communication in the body.  It is very difficult to separate them.  All of these things could be secondary to a neural insult.”

What about diet?

“Some respond better to diet than others.  Some may be very sensitive to diet, not necessarily because of their autism.  Allergies can affect all people.  A diet can help the symptoms of autism if that is a stressor.  You need to lower the stressors, diet, sleep, all those things are stressors, combined with their sensory overload it’s going to exacerbate everything.  These aren’t treatments for autism, they are things that can place stress on an autistic child.”

What do you say to the parent who is considering drug treatments?

“Drugs are being given by doctors who have no idea how the neurons are affected. We are living in an illusion that we can easily treat brain disorders.  The human  brain project will change everything in the way we think and treat autism.”

Care to weigh in on the ongoing vaccination controversy?

“There is no evidence to support the connection.  The idea of toxic effects after the first trimester and the idea of toxic effects after birth seem very unlikely.  Parents should not avoid vaccinations.  I think the insult has to be in utero.  The first trimester is the danger.  Avoid anything extreme, no extreme stress.  That should be taken as a black out period for women from the moment they know they are pregnant.  Stay calm, sleep well, eat well.  All we can do is guess.”

Given the intensity of an Autistic child, how can we help manage their environment?

“In the early phase of the child’s life..  Repetition is a response to extreme fear.  The Autist perceives, feels and fears too much.  Let them have their routines, no computers, television, no sharp colors, no surprises.  It’s the opposite of what parents are told to do.  We actually think if you could develop a filtered environment in the early phase of life you could end up with an incredible genius child without many of the sensory challenges.”

Kamila Markram

Henry Markram

 

Posting Under Pressure

I’m working on a post of my interview with Henry and Kamila Markram when I was in Jerusalem attending the ICare4Autism Conference.  Henry and Kamila Markram are the neuroscientist team who created The Intense World Theory For Autism.  I am trying to finish that for tomorrow’s post.  However, Em is up right now and insisting I made cake with her and that takes precedence over this post getting written.   Besides she has a timer which she’s just set for fifteen minutes.  She started with three minutes, but I’ve negotiated for the fifteen, so I’ve got just enough time to post these photos…

Say hello to Walter.  Yup, he’s one of three bucks who lives next to the barn.  And yes, my cousins named him…  Walter, after my grandfather.  Yeah, I know.  It is a specific sense of humor.  And yes it appears it is genetic.

The teepee that has been on the property since the 70’s or maybe even the 60’s, I can’t remember.  I just know it’s been here almost as long as I have been on this earth.

The dogs – Folgen & Gaia – who love nothing more than to have their frisbee thrown to them.  Emma likes it when I throw their frisbee too.  They just don’t like giving it back to me so that I can throw it again.  Which leads to lots of yelling, “Drop it!  Drop the frisbee!”  And then they do this…

And when they’ve had enough running after the frisbee they take it far away and guard it.  Like this.

We have been playing some massive games of Duck, duck, goose and even Granma has started to run when picked.  My brother and sister-in-law are here so  the game has become a nightly event with lots of laughter and shouting, “Hurry, hurry, SIT, SIT!”

Emma waits to be chosen…

Nic has mastered the art of driving the 4-Wheeler and now takes Em around the ranch.

Em takes the Alien swimming

Whew!  That’s it, I’ve got 42 seconds to hit the “Publish” button!

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The icare4autism Conference in Jerusalem

The icare4autism conference ended this afternoon.  It was a whirlwind of activity spanning 48 hours of discussions and presentations led by scientists, therapists, neuroscientists, policy makers, parents and advocates.  Stephen Shore, who is Autistic, gave the single most entertaining presentation, entitled:  Employment Opportunities for People with Autism: Observations on Promoting Success.

On the first day I interviewed Henry and Kamila Markram, the neuroscientists who came up with the Intense World Theory of Autism, the only theory I’ve read and heard that makes any sense and which validates my own observations of my daughter, Emma.  Yesterday I spoke with Joshua Weinstein, the CEO and President of icare4autism.  He seemed genuinely interested in hearing from people.  He actively sought out suggestions, made himself available to anyone who approached him.  He seemed sincere in his desire to bring scientists, therapists, parents, researchers, educators and advocates  together.

The organization’s weakest point is in having Autistics on their advisory committee.  According to the sheet I received there aren’t any, and only one Autistic person, Stephen Shore, was at the conference presenting.  Perhaps after today’s conversation that will change.  I hope so.  I would like nothing more than to write glowingly about an organization that carries the word “autism” in it’s name.  I spoke out whenever it seemed even remotely appropriate.  But by the end of the conference I had made my – Autistics must be included in this organization -speech more than a dozen times.  Only once was I met with any argument and interestingly enough, that one time was from a parent of a “severely autistic child” as she described him, who was furious with me for suggesting we needed to move beyond the autism = tragedy model.

There is tremendous misunderstanding surrounding labels and the designations of low, high, severe and mild.  It was clear that people do not understand why these labels are unhelpful and the terms were thrown around a great deal during a number of the presentations I attended.  Another huge misperception surrounds intelligence or “lack” of in Autism.  I was astonished to hear the words “mental retardation” used in connection with autism during a couple of the comments from the audience.  I hadn’t realized that was still thought, by many, to be synonymous with autism.

The really good news is, I heard questions surrounding the “ethics” of various treatments and interventions for Autism and I was relieved to hear a number of people talk about the abuse, mistreatment and need for greater advocacy among the Autistic population.  Of course the best advocates are Autistics themselves and so I hope icare4autism will heed some of my suggestions.  I was not the only one making these suggestions, by the way.  There were a number of people, including Stephen Shore who was wonderfully articulate in his opinions and ideas, who brought up the need for Autistics to represent themselves and the importance of Autistics to be involved in all levels of any organization that carries the word autism in its title.

Finally, I miss Emma terribly and cannot WAIT to see her this afternoon.

Em in the playground

Synchronicity, Jerusalem and Autism

I am leaving for Jerusalem tomorrow.  I will be covering the Icare4Autism Conference and am meeting Kamila and Henry Markram, the neuroscientists and creators of The Intense World Theory for Autism.  I intend to continue to post as usual, Monday through Friday, but because of the time change and depending on my level of jet lag, my posting times may be a bit wonky.

I am very nervous about this trip.  Not because of the traveling, but because we will be away from Emma for a full week, which marks the longest we’ve spent away from her since she was born ten and a half years ago.  I have gone over our itinerary with her.  I have spoken to her about how many days before we return, we have studied the calendar together.  We have discussed what she will do while we are gone.  But still, I am nervous.  Whooooo.  Breathe.

Today I pack while trying to remember to breathe.  Emma will be fine.  She will be okay.  Breathe.  Try not to panic.

I’ve never been to Jerusalem and am excited that Richard will be accompanying me.  This was where we had intended to go for our honeymoon, (with our then nine month old son, Nic in tow, making it less a honeymoon and more an insanely, ambitious trip with a baby)  had made our reservations to spend Christmas Day and the following week at the King David Hotel, then had planned to spend New Years Eve in Giza at a hotel overlooking the pyramids, a week in Cairo, then a side jaunt to Lebanon and Petra before returning to Jerusalem.  In all we had planned to be gone for three weeks.  Two months before our wedding the intifada broke out and we were advised, because we were traveling with a baby, not to go.  We still have all the guide books with their dog-eared pages marking the places we’d hoped to see.

This time we will have just three days of sight-seeing before the conference begins.  But, as with so many things that have to do with Emma and Autism, the synchronicity of the following events is not completely lost on me.  Just over eight months ago our lives and by extension Emma’s radically changed because of the links I was finding to Autistic blogs.  I’ve shared those posts and blogs on here.  During that same period I came across the Markram’s Intense World Theory and Richard and I, through our research, learned they were going to be in Jerusalem in August presenting their work at a conference.  At the time I didn’t know it was a conference focused on Autism.  I remember Richard and I joked with each other, wouldn’t it be great to figure out a way to go to Jerusalem and meet them?  It was a joke, literally, neither of us for a moment seriously considered the idea.  And life continued.

This past spring, I was invited to be on a panel and give a talk at the AutCom Conference in Baltimore this coming October.  I accepted the invitation.  And again life continued.  Not long after that invitation, I received a letter from the “State of Israel” asking if I would like to be their guest to cover the ICare4Autism Conference in Jerusalem this August.  When I received that letter I read it to Richard and we just looked at one another.  I will never forget the expression on Richard’s face.  It was a slow motion grin that didn’t end with me saying something like, “How weird is this?”

Sometimes life throws stuff at you and you know, you just know you have to figure out a way to grab the opportunity.  So we did.  And now we’re going.  How exciting is that?

English: Old City Walls of Jerusalem - on Moun...

English: Old City Walls of Jerusalem – on Mount Zion – View towards the King David Hotel (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

It Finally Happened!

The word autism was mentioned during one of the presentations I attended. Patricia Kuhl, PhD presented on “The Child’s First 2000 Days” where she spoke of that critical period, those first 5 years of life, when the brain has its single biggest growth spurt.  She cited some studies done on tri-lingual and bi-lingual children, showing that critical period of growth is sustained for a longer period.  She spoke of how children respond to humans, the mother’s voice, and how technology should not be used in the first two years of life.

Patricia Kuhl

And then she said the word “autistic.”  She spoke about the need for more research, how in those children the mother’s voice was not sought, in fact it seemed to cause discomfort.  She spoke for about two or three minutes about studies being done with autistic children and then continued with the rest of her presentation before opening it up to questions from the packed room.  Hands flew up and suddenly there was the man with the autistic child asking for more information about technology’s role in teaching autistic children.  Then there was someone else with a question about language acquisition and autism.

I was sitting in the last row and usually do not ask questions during these discussions but wait until after the talk to approach the speaker.  But I couldn’t help myself.  Up went my hand, was she aware of Henry Markram and his Intense World Theory for Autism and if so, what did she think of it?

But though she’d heard of him, she wasn’t familiar with his theory.  Still, I was pleased that someone had included autism in the hundreds of discussions and presentations even if for just two minutes.  And it got me thinking…

If you could put together a series of discussions on Autism presented at a festival such as the Aspen Ideas Festival, attended by some of the wealthiest and most influential people in the country, where the mainstream press is well represented, who and what would you want to see and hear?  A couple of people wrote in the comments section yesterday and it was exciting to hear them.  I’d love to hear more from anyone who cares to weigh in.

Laura Nagle, Vectors of Autism and Other Exciting News

In response to my post – Losing Sleep, Autism and Strange Noises in NYC – I received a great comment (all the comments I get are great) but I’m referring to one specifically.  It was about the Theory of Mind as well as lack of empathy conclusions Simon Baron-Cohen and others like him have made.  The person who is autistic, wrote:  “But we are not being laughed at, dismissed or ignored anymore. People are arguing with us. That means they hear our message and they are aware that it conflicts with what they have been taught. Their confusion will diminish over time. The people who need to be told what to think will always listen to, and agree with, the loudest voices. And our voices are becoming louder. If we perseverate, then we will persevere.”

In keeping with this thought, you must watch this YouTube video –  A preview for the upcoming “Laura Nagle: Vectors of Autism.”

The 50 minute documentary, which this video is a preview to, will be awaiting me when I return to NYC in July.  I will be reviewing it here and for the Huffington Post.  Leah Kelley has been posting about the documentary and Laura for a while now on her blog – 30 Days of Autism.  In this brief preview Laura talks about how quickly she can read, she says, “I’m good at that” (pause and then laughs) “I’m not good at life.”    I won’t say more as I really want everyone reading this post to please take 5 minutes to watch the video, it is wonderful.

I also want to urge all who are as fascinated and disturbed by some of the various “theories” out there about autism as I am, to go over to the blog – Autistic Hoya.  There are so many terrific posts it was difficult to decide which to add links to, but to begin here are two of my favorites (but the whole blog is an education)  The Dangers Of Misrepresentation and The Other Side Of Disclosure.

I will be covering the Aspen Ideas Festival for the Huffington Post from June 27th – July 3rd, unrelated to autism, but still very exciting.  I have no intention of shirking my posting responsibilities here on Emma’s Hope Book, but may be posting on the run as they say, so please forgive typos and seemingly random thoughts.  On second thought you probably won’t even notice as that’s pretty much the norm for me anyway!   I have been asked to cover the icare4autism conference in Jerusalem, July 31st – August 2nd.  I have accepted their generous offer and am very excited!  A quick back story – when Richard and I first heard about Henry Markram and his Intense World Theory for Autism (this link is an in depth scientific paper.  It is not light reading, but if you’re interested, it is very interesting), we read that he would be giving a talk in Jerusalem in August.  At the time, now more than seven months ago, we joked – wouldn’t it be great if we could go to Jerusalem to hear him?  Just over a week ago I received the invitation and learned that this was the conference he will be presenting at!

And finally, I am including two, completely arbitrary and utterly unrelated photos…  just because… well, because I can and I felt like it and they make me smile and maybe they’ll make you smile too.  Please ignore the dust.

Merlin and the Gator

For a little perspective…

Related articles

Losing Sleep, Autism and Strange Noises in New York City

I’m operating on about three hours of sleep.  The piece I rewrote about Simon Baron-Cohen and The Theory Of Mind for the Huffington Post was published yesterday evening.  I knew I’d get some opposing views.  I’m used to that.  I understand that by putting my thoughts out there,  people will and do disagree.  So irritating when people disagree with me.  Eye roll, sharp intake of breath.

When I began writing at the Huffington Post I submitted a piece about Emma and her interesting use of language.  It was not a scholarly piece, (none of my pieces are, it’s not what I write)  just some observations and thoughts I had.  Once the piece was published I received a couple of scathing comments, many of which were marked as “abusive” and were removed, but one that remains, was from a retired speech pathologist who wrote,  “A jewelry designer (author of the article) who has bizarre ideas about language development should be countered by an expert opinion.”   I imagined as she wrote that comment she was looking grim and making tsking sounds.  I felt as though I were back in first grade being scolded for not paying attention.

Another piece I submitted about Emma’s painting, a number of people made derogatory comments, which were removed.  One of those comments was,  (I’m paraphrasing here) Oh great!  Stupid references to Dr. Seuss, Autism and painting all in one sentence.  How is this news?  

News?  I was supposed to write a journalistic, investigative piece?  Shit!  Where was I when that memo got sent?   I thought I was writing a piece about the joy I felt watching my daughter paint.

It’s anxiety causing to get such contemptuous responses, but over the years I’ve developed a “thicker skin” though I’m so literal-minded that phrase strikes me as really creepy.  Still, in this last piece it is I who am attacking someone else.  And while I’m sure Simon Baron-Cohen wouldn’t lose any sleep were he made aware of my rant about his questionable test and the even more questionable conclusions he’s drawn, it’s not in my nature to attack others.  I don’t feel comfortable doing it.  Against my better judgement I submitted the piece anyway because I believe strongly in its message.

As I reiterated in a comment I made to another person’s response –  SBC  is presenting himself as an “expert” on autism. It isn’t as though he was the parent of an Autistic child, had a blog and wrote the occasional piece for the Huffington Post, while making inflammatory statements, which everyone could read, laugh, argue with and forget. He has made a career for himself, based on his academic achievements. His theories should and must be held to a higher standard. His words and ideas have tremendous power. It is irresponsible to be in such a position of power while basing ideas and theories on faulty tests with no consideration of the implications. I, too, could cite many examples of my daughter’s actions, which could then be used to (erroneously) support SBC’s various theories. That doesn’t make his theory correct, it brings into question my thinking.  I urge you to read Dr. Henry Markram’s alternate theory – http://www.wrongplanet.net/article419.html – I can find many more examples of Emma’s behaviors, which support his theory. The TOM theory is a dangerous one because of the way it can be used to justify the negative perceptions of Autistics. If someone has little or no empathy, we are much more likely to behave in a less caring manner toward them. We may insist this isn’t so, but there have been studies suggesting otherwise.”

As a result of all this I’ve paid the price by getting very little sleep.  Ask me about the traffic patterns on 7th Avenue between the hours of 2 and 4.  And exactly what was going on with that woman who kept shouting WooWoo at around 3:30AM?  Was she celebrating?  In the beginning stages of labor?  These are the questions plaguing me at the moment.

Emma making her silly face, which pretty much sums up how I’m feeling at the moment.

Murder, Fear and Hope

An autistic child has been murdered.

Again.

His name was Daniel Corby.  He was 4 years old.

(The following is by no means a cohesive or complete list.)

March 2012 – mother kills George, her 22 year old autistic son.

August, 2011 – mother shot and killed her 13 year old autistic son, Ben.

July, 2011- mother strangled her two autistic children, a 2 year old daughter and 5 year old son.

May 2011 – mother kills her autistic son, Glen by strangling him with the belt from her coat.

February, 2010 – mother killed her 8 year old autistic son, Jude.

2010 – Mother kills 6-month old son, Rylan because she suspected he might have autism.

2009 – Father kills 11 year old autistic son, Jeremy.

2009 – mother withholds medication from her autistic son, Jeremy who has leukemia.  Jeremy dies as a result.

Our outrage, our pleas that these murders stop, our desire to blame, rationalize or even understand will not bring any of these children back or prevent another parent from murdering their child.  What can make a difference is a change in the way we as a society view autism and autistic people.

The word “autism” causes fear.  So little is actually understood about autism and so much of what people hear are theories, it is natural that people would find autism frightening.  We fear what we do not know or understand.  This has been true throughout history.  The ever changing “statistics,” the words used to describe autism, the vastness and mutable nature of the spectrum, how indefinable it is, all add fuel to the fear.  It doesn’t have to be this way though.  And that is where there is tremendous hope.

A year ago I regularly lay awake at night worrying about my daughter, Emma’s future.  I knew of very few adults with autism, I had read everything written by both Donna Williams and Temple Grandin, but their experiences seemed far removed from my daughter’s.  All of that changed when I began following blogs written by autistic adults.  I had an “aha” moment.  The moment of realization and understanding when what was once abstract becomes real.  A friend of mine told me of her “aha” moment during an autism conference she attended where she saw a nonverbal young man who reminded her of her son.  He had the same gestures, the same stims as her child.  She imagined this was her son in 15 years and she was filled with despair.  The following day she returned to the conference and attended a workshop on facilitated communication, led by…. none other than the young man she’d seen the day before.  Only now he was communicating his thoughts.  His words were intelligent, articulate and heartwarmingly beautiful.  She left the conference in tears realizing how she had underestimated this young man, as well as her own child.   She vowed never to do so again.

Assume competence.  Even if there is no “proof” that our neuro-typical minds can hold onto, we must assume competence.  Because to do otherwise is to fail our children.

I have written about much of this at length in other posts, so I am not going to continue now, but I strongly urge anyone who is frightened to read the blogs written by autists.  The veil of mystery may be lifted.  It was for me.  Reading the words of autists alleviated my worries.  Here were adults who were leading the way, so that those, like my daughter, Emma, might not have to. My life, so long dominated by fear is now dominated by hope.

There is a large and thriving community out there of both autists and parents of autists who are writing, blogging, commenting and reaching out to one another.  The only requirement to join this community is a desire for connection.  Because of the internet, we all have a support system if we want it.  No parent or autist need feel alone.  The autists are the ones who can and will change the current perception of what it means to be autistic.  They are writing and speaking forcefully, beautifully, with eloquence and power.  I have said this before, I will say it again:  We must listen to them.  They need to be included in any discussion, organization or conference regarding autism.  More importantly, they need to be included, period.  Some parents have said to me – but they have blogs.  They can talk.  They are articulate, while my child is non-verbal, self-injurious, cannot attend to his basic daily needs.  And my response is – Yes, that is exactly why we must listen.   Just because some of our children cannot speak or those who do may not be as articulate, doesn’t take away from the fact that these autists can and do.  If our children could speak as eloquently – how do we know what they would say?  If they could speak, wouldn’t we listen?

The following is a list of wonderful blogs that have literally changed my life:

Aspie Rhetor

Autism and Empathy

Autistic Hoya

Dude, I’m an Aspie

I’m Somewhere Else

Journeys with Autism

Juniper Hills Farms

Just Stimming

Life With Aspergers

Moonlit Lily

Quirky and Laughing

ThAutcast

The Autistic Me

The Third Glance

For parents with non-verbal autistic children:

Read any book written by the autist Tito Mukhopadhyay

Carly Fleishmann

Another youtube video of Carly

Interview with non-verbal autistic adult

In addition, for anyone who has an autistic child no matter where they fall on the spectrum, please read this interview with Henry Markram on his Intense World Theory for Autism.  It is the first time I’ve read a “theory” that validated everything I felt I saw in my daughter, Emma.

We may not be able to stop parents from murdering their children, but we can change how people view autism.

We must not succumb to fear.  Hope is all around us, we need to stop and listen.

For more on Emma’s journey through a childhood of autism, go to:  Emma’s Hope Book

For my most recent Huffington Post piece, go to:  HuffPost

Epidemic of Genius

Below is another epic length post from Richard. You have been warned!

I’m a science nut. Ariane, not so much. I constantly pester her with the latest science news I’ve gleaned from books, articles, documentaries, the Internet. I just can’t get enough of that crazy science stuff. One of my greatest frustrations is that I have some kind of math glitch in my brain which prevents me from learning much of what interests me, especially the nuts and bolts of physics and of course, higher mathematics — which I would really love to understand. Despite my brain-freeze, or math dyslexia, or whatever it is — I love numbers. I’ve even been known to do numerology readings. In short, I’m a seeker. Like many other non-scientist science lovers, I want answers to the BIG questions. Why are we here? What it’s all about?

For people like me, “What if…?” is a favorite lead-in phrase. When I heard Henry Markram’s TED talk and then read his Intense World Theory for autism and an interview where he theorizes that all autists could be genius savants and (here comes the real mind-blower) autism may be the next phase of human brain evolution – well, my mind grabbed that football and ran for the goalposts.

What if the Intense World Theory is correct? What if Markram is also correct in his theory of autistic genius? What if Emma is a genius savant too? What if all her friends at school are? What if every single one of the autists born every year are geniuses, or savants or genius savants? What if the staggering ONE PERCENT of infants now born every year with autism are ALL genius savants? What if new learning therapies like Marion Blank’s system catch on, and a whole lot more of all those savants born every year are able to communicate all the knowledge and insights they possess.

What if…(add your own far-fetched speculations here).

Well…if Markram is correctit’s a massive game changer…for all of us.

Here are some staggering stats: it is currently estimated that 2.2% of the human population possess IQs of 140 or more (the extremely arbitrary genius IQ cut off). Since the world population recently topped 7 billion (and since I suck at math I’ll gladly use that nice round figure), then 2.2 percent of 7 billion equals 154,000,000 million geniuses walking around. And since IQ tests for autists are notoriously inaccurate (particularly for those who are non-verbal) – then many adult autistics and those born every year will not be crowned with the genius laurel wreath, yet nonetheless they may possess staggeringly high intelligence coupled with the uncanny insights that their unique perception of the world provides them.

The annual birth rate is now between 19 and 20 million people. One percent of those babies will (eventually) be diagnosed as autistic. What if every single one of these 190,000-200,000 autistics turn out to be genius savants? What could be accomplished with that kind of creative horsepower, if acceptance and encouragement furthered their interests and yes, obsessions? Or at the very least, what fruits might be harvested if they weren’t bullied, teased, ridiculed, marginalized and segregated? If their abilities weren’t so consistently and grossly underestimated?

It’s something to think about. I’ve been thinking about it all the time now.

When Emma first received her diagnosis, I knew next to nothing about autism. I just knew it was bad. A terrible tragedy. The loss of our hopes and dreams for a ‘normal’ life and a ‘normal’ family. Something to grieve over. As the years went by, my perspective gradually shifted. Emma’s nearly continuous blissed-out happiness and her mischievous sense of humor made it a lot easier for me to deal with all the difficulties she had with sensory issues, changes in her routines, communication problems, etc., etc. — and all the difficulties I had coping with them.

Since we found a learning therapy that actually works, my fear-based perspective has altered dramatically. Emma can read, write, add, subtract and speak in complete sentences. She loves to learn. She carries her favorite books around everywhere. With the recent oxytocin boost, we now walk down the street hand-in-hand – a behavioral shift as radical and unexpected as it would be for me to teleport to Mars.

Now Ariane and I are blissed-out with happiness much of the time. Our exposure to the writings of adult autistics has been as consciousness expanding as anything we’ve ever experienced. Beautiful voices telling sad, poignant, frustrated and hysterically funny stories of what autistic life is like from the inside. WrongPlanet introduced us to Henry Markram’s Intense World Theory for Autism, which have radically altered our perspective – permanently, I hope.

The epidemic of autism has been a rallying cry for myself and most parents of autistics who were and/or are desperate for a cure. If we hadn’t discovered Dr. Marion Blank’s  program I might still be feeling the same way. If I hadn’t read Henry Markram’s theories I would never have entertained the possibility that the epidemic of autism could also be the epidemic of genius – a phrase I keep repeating over and over like a mantra.

What if? What if?

In the not very distant past, nothing short of a complete cure for autism was an acceptable goal. My goals are different now. I know Ariane’s are too. We want more effective treatments, therapies and learning programs that help autistics cope with the difficulties they face and make it easier to navigate in a world that doesn’t necessarily correspond to their perspectives. We want more research into the causes and the neurological differences, not so autism can be prevented or eliminated, but so the difficulties can be mitigated. We want ‘normals’ like ourselves to be more kind, compassionate, helpful, encouraging, inclusive and aware that the kid or adult they are looking at as a weirdo, gimp, or even a retard, might well possess intelligence far in advance of their own. They may be more sensitive, insightful, kind, creative and inventive than those whispering, pointing their fingers, snickering or simply turning away because all they can see is the ‘handicap’ – and they cannot bear to look at it.

When Ariane was pregnant with Emma and Nic, we opted out of having an amniocentesis. The doctor told us that there was a real possibility of miscarriage. “Don’t do this unless you’re prepared to terminate the pregnancy if you find out your baby has Down’s Syndrome. There’s no point in taking the risk unless that’s your intention.”

That was not our intention. We both agreed that, “We’ll take what we get.” We got Emma. And we are incredibly fortunate.

When the human genome was first sequenced it cost over a billion dollars. Now anyone can have their own genome sequenced for under $1,000 dollars. Soon it will cost less than a hundred dollars. Couples wishing to have children will be able to identify every gene marker that may indicate a susceptibility to autism.

With that knowledge will come new decisions. What choices will be made?

Ariane and I still have many decisions to make regarding how we can best advocate for Emma and help her learn and communicate and understand the world she lives in. We want many things for her, but we don’t want Emma to be cured anymore. We want her to be supported and encouraged to learn at her own pace. To express herself in her own unique and wondrous voice. When/if she is able to communicate in the manner of many of the autists whose blogs we’ve been so incredibly moved and inspired by, we want to discover what she has to say about her life, her loves, her passions and fears and hopes.

Then Emma’s Hope Book will be fully her story, instead of our story about her.

For more on Emma’s journey through a childhood of autism, go to:   Emma’s Hope Book

Shifts

Richard back again, with more good news. Emma continues to amaze and delight us with her nearly continuous playfulness, mischievousness and affection. Ariane and I have also been spending a lot of time visiting the blogs of autists and aspies, which have opened up a whole new world for us — and caused a dramatic shift in our perspective on autism and our goals for Emma. I’m a big believer in synchronicity and lately it feels like we are being bombarded with ‘coincidental’ occurrences that have had the accumulative effect of completely altering the way we’ve always looked at our journey together (I only say ‘we’ instead of keeping it to myself because Ariane and I have been talking about this about twenty times a day and we have been on the same page with most everything we’ve discussed).

For those who don’t know me well, I write fiction. My first novel is a supernatural thriller called The Book of Paul, which will be published soon. It is very dark and creepy, with graphic sex and violence — in other words, definitely not for kids. So quite some time ago I began writing a book I could read to Nic and Emma (or they could read to me) — a young adult fantasy called The Dream Palace. In many ways, it was and is my attempt to process my feelings about Emma’s autism and my hopes for her recovery – in other words, it began as a fantasy version of this blog. However, my perspective on what constitutes Emma’s “recovery” has altered in ways I never could have imagined only a few weeks ago.

Let me try and connect some of the synchronistic dots: we met BL in Aspen while on vacation who also has an autistic child. She introduces us to Dr. Sandy Lowe who has a very different theory on the cause of autism. He believes that a genetic vulnerability coupled with a viral infection of the mother during pregnancy, probably also combined with an environmental toxic insult causes a biochemical reaction that alters the natural neurological development of the fetus (something to do with cytokines but I don’t want to get lost down that rabbit hole). Sandy recommends stem cell treatments which we try without any dramatic results, but when discussing one of Emma’s post-treatment brain scans, he tells us about Dr. Marion Blank who is working miracles with autistic kids with her new learning program. Lo and behold, her program begins working miracles with Emma!

In my ‘spare time’ I also happen to have run a program for K-12 schoolchildren, encouraging healthy eating, exercise, literacy and other good works via positive messaging on the side of milk cartons — as in billions of milk cartons to tens of thousands of schools across the country — a very powerful influencer. So I decide to commit all these resources to an anti-bullying effort because we have had many issues with bullying at Nic’s school — and lobbied with only partial success for a more aggressive curriculum to address those problems. Needless to say, with our steadfast goal of getting Emma into a mainstream school environment, we worried about how much she might be bullied because of her differences.

In looking for established anti-bullying programs to partner with, I run across the Kind Campaign. It was founded by two exceptional young women, Lauren Persekian and Molly Stroud who were both traumatized by girl-on-girl bullying in school. They have produced an amazing documentary called Finding Kind where they toured the country, compiling a heart-breaking collection of stories from high school girls whose lives have been devastated by bullying. By the time Ariane and I finished watching this award-winning film, our previously entrenched goal of getting Emma mainstreamed has flown out the window! No way do we want Emma exposed to this vicious, cruel and traumatic behavior! While we’ve had issues in the past with her school, one fact is undeniable — she is loved to death by everyone in that school, teachers and students alike.

Our sudden abandonment of the mainstream goal had the most unexpected side benefit — our overall stress level plunged like a bowling ball from the Empire State Building! We had no idea how much of our day-to-day anxiety was rooted in our conviction that we absolutely, positively had to get Emma into a ‘real’ school right now! Voila! Our ‘happy index’ leaps from a 2 to a 9 overnight!

Next, my truly amazing wife, partner and life-saver Ariane, in her relentless pursuit of knowledge — not just to benefit Emma, but to enlighten herself about what life is like for adult autistics, begins visiting all these blogs which she then introduces me to and also blow me away. I’m hoping Ariane continues to provide links to all these wonderful sites since this post is already approaching my typical epic length, but I’ll just say that it completely alters my perspective on ‘curing’ Emma.

I’ve never felt that Emma had to be ‘normal’ for us to have succeeded as parents, but I’d be lying if I said I didn’t hold out hope that someday she’d ‘lose the diagnosis.’ Now, much to my relief — and Emma’s too I’m sure, I couldn’t care less about her obtaining a ‘complete recovery.’ She doesn’t need one! We want her to be able to function in our crazy world well enough to live independently and happily, but her quirkiness is a-okay. The strange thing is, I’ve always been an oddball, OCD type and so are all my favorite people –artists, visionaries, scientists, geeks and obsessive weirdos of very stripe. To be off the mainstream kick is like getting back to my own roots.

The synchro-fun continues with Ariane’s discovery of Henry Markram’s Intense World Theory for Autism — which oddly enough is almost identical to Sandy Lowe’s in regards to the cause of autism — and goes further to postulate that all autistics are savants of one type or another — and autism itself may be the next leap in human brain evolution, though apparently it’s still working out the kinks. Which brings me back to The Dream Palace.

One morning a long time ago I remember going into Emma’s bedroom and as she woke up, she said something to me in a long and completely articulated sentence. I was shocked to say the least. I remember telling Ariane about it but I’m not sure I could remember what Emma said by the time I told her. In fact, I no longer know for certain whether or not it really happened! Had I been dreaming? To this day, I can’t tell for sure. Given how strange it would have been for Emma to talk like that when she could barely speak at all, it seems obvious that it had to be a dream. But then again…

Regardless of whether it was ‘real’ or not, that incident became the inspiration for The Dream Palace, where Emma’s character named Daisy in the book, is able to talk perfectly in the dream world.

I’m a research nut. I enjoy the research process as much as the writing. Unfortunately, I could only find one research study of dream patterns and content in autists and it pretty much sucks. So of course, I wrote my own survey! I’m trying to get it out to autists who are willing to participate so if any readers have suggestions on how I could do that most efficiently please let me know. In the meantime, I’m rewriting the story because after reading Markram’s findings, I’m now convinced like he is, that not only does Emma sense, feel, and perceive much more intensely than us highfalutin ‘normals’ — she may indeed be much farther advanced than we are — which hopefully we will discover as her communications continues to advance so rapidly.

Bottom line? Life is good, very good. All it took was a complete shift in our perspective.

For more on our journey through Emma’s childhood of autism, go to:   Emma’s Hope Book